"In this study, cancerous and normal skin tissue samples were excised with a scalpel. Each skin sample was then placed into a sample tube along with solvent, shaken on a vortex and centrifuged. When the sample tubes came out of the centrifuge, there was a top layer and a bottom layer. For our purposes, we went on to use for further processing."

top layer

Explanation:

You will get two part while you shake the sample on vortex and centrifuge it.  Bottom part is called pellet and the top part is called supernatant. All the cellular materials like DNA are contained in Sup. Pellet contains tissue debris. That's why you need to move forward with that part (top) for further processing and ignore the bottom part.

step 1: initiation

initiation is the beginning of transcription. it occurs when the enzyme rna polymerase binds to a region of a gene called the promoter. this signals the dna to unwind so the enzyme can ‘‘read’’ the bases in one of the dna strands. the enzyme is now ready to make a strand of mrna with a complementary sequence of bases.

step 2: elongation

elongation is the addition of nucleotides to the mrna strand. rna polymerase reads the unwound dna strand and builds the mrna molecule, using complementary base pairs. there is a brief time during this process when the newly formed rna is bound to the unwound dna. during this process, an adenine (a) in the dna binds to an uracil (u) in the rna.

step 3: termination

termination is the ending of transcription, and occurs when rna polymerase crosses a stop (termination) sequence in the gene. the mrna strand is complete, and it detaches from dna.

hello

answer: collecting information/data

reason: the student is going around and asking people questions to collect data

i hope this