15. a) Describe a hormone
a) Explain why the pituitary gland is also called the master gland
b) Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands
(0) Name one gland which is both an endocrine and exoc
c) Explain how the body increases its level of glucose before the start of a race.
16. Touching a hot object brings about a reflex response.
(a) Why is such a response important to the body?
(b) Explain how a nerve impulse passes from one neuron to another.
© A possible risk of danger to the body can bring about the release of the hormone a
How does this hormone prepare the body to deal with danger?
d) State two differences between the nervous system and the hormonal system

[a]The main endocrine gland. It is a small structure in the head. It is called the master gland because it produces hormones that control other glands and many body functions including growth. The pituitary consists of the anterior and posterior pituitary.

[b]Endocrine glands release chemical substances directly into the bloodstream or tissues of the body. The chemical substances released by the endocrine glands are known as hormones. Exocrine glands release chemical substances through ducts to outside the body or onto another surface within the body.      The liver and pancreas are both exocrine and endocrine glands

[c]adrenal gland

[a]A reflex action is an automatic (involuntary) and rapid response to a stimulus, which minimises any damage to the body from potentially harmful conditions, such as touching something hot. Reflex actions are therefore essential to the survival of many organisms.

[b]When a nerve impulse reaches the end of an axon, the axon releases chemicals called neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters travel across the synapse between the axon and the dendrite of the next neuron. ... The binding allows the nerve impulse to travel through the receiving neuron.

[c]Adrenaline is a hormone released from the adrenal glands and its major action

[d]One of the significant difference between the nervous system and endocrine system is that the nervous system uses electrical impulses to send messages through neurons while endocrine glands use hormones to send messages to the target cells through the bloodstream.

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it enhances antibody production by t cells of the adaptive immune system.

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