The Pingelapese people of the East Caroline Islands are descended from 20 survivors of a typhoon and subsequent famine in 1775. Among the survivors was an individual heterozygous for a recessive mutation that causes achromatopsia, a condition that causes color-blindness, extreme sensitivity to light, and poor visual acuity. Although this condition is usually very rare, affecting about 1 person in 20,000, about 20% of today’s 3000 Pingelapese are achromats. The most likely explanation for the plight of the Pingelapese is:.
a. bottleneck effect.
b. directional selection.
c. founder effect.
d. a high rate of mutation for the achromatopsia allele.
e. non-random mating.