I am having a hard time answering these questions. Please help.

(1.) Altering the DNA of organisms has been a controversial topic since the
discovery of the structure of DNA. Why do you think this is?

(2.) Do you think there should be rules or guidelines to determine who gets to use
technologies that change the DNA or organisms? Why or why not?

(3.) What guidelines should scientists use to determine whether or not certain
genetic manipulations should be done? What principles should scientists use
to guide their actions?

Genetically modified organisms are both boon and bane for animals, plants as well as humans.

Explanation-

1- Despite of having numerous applications, alterations in the organism and forming them genetically modified changes their rate of growth and metabolism. The foreign gene expression could not only harm the organism (GMO) but also its surrounding could get influenced and altered. In addition, horizontal gene transfer could also risk the human life.  

2- Yes, there should be proper guidelines in order to determine who gets to use technologies that change the DNA or organisms. Keeping in mind that there are several harmful effects of GMOs and human lives have been on the stake, various governments are implementing strict rules regarding testing and labeling of GMOs worldwide.

3- Scientists believe that with adequate research, genetically modified organisms can be safely used and applied in various industries. Controlled gene expressions could lead to less potential risks. This could be done by-

a) Avoiding superfluous DNA transfer and replacing antibiotic resistance with plant-derived markers .

b) Having built-in identification factors that helps in separating GMOs from non-GMOs

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1) Altering the DNA of organisms is considered controversial because we do not know what circumstances might occur if the DNA which is being altered turns out to have adverse effect on the organism. There are also concerns that altering the genome and producing organisms with better traits might eradicate the particular wild type organisms on the whole.

2)Yes, there should definitely be a guideline as to who can you the recombinant DNA technology and up to what limits. If guidelines are not set up then it can lead to serious devastating results. We might end up making manipulations which can be very harmful for life. Hence, recombinant DNA technology should be used with much care and under strict guidelines.

3) The techniques in recombinant DNA technology has enable us to make precise changes in the DNA at a higher frequency but certain guidelines shall be set up to control the devastating results which might occur. The concern related to life shall be the first and foremost concern while practicing such techniques.

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