The location of which of the following is topologically equivalent to the cytosol (as opposed to the extracellular space)? A. Lysosomal hydrolases B. Calcium ions in the ER C. Chromatin D. Vesicle contents E. Peroxisomal catalase

volcanoes (an event in the geosphere) release a large amount of particulate matter into the atmosphere. these particles serve as nuclei for the formation of water droplets (hydrosphere). rainfall (hydrosphere) often increases following an eruption, stimulating plant growth (biosphere).

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the cladogram shown here shows similarities and differences among several classes of vertebrates. anatomically, the four have limb structure as their common ancestor. we might separate the mammals from the other three classes because they a) divergent; do not lay eggs b) identical; are warm-blooded c) varied; a four chambered heart d) homologous; have mammary glands