Describe the 4 major subtypes of beta lactam antibiotics.

Answer

Better lactam antibiotics are antibiotics used in treatment of of severe infection caused by Bacteria.

Beta lactam antibiotics contain beta lactam ring in their molecular structure.

The major subtypes of Beta lactam antibiotics include : Penicillin, cephalosporins, monobactams and carbapenems.

Explanation:

Penicillin : 1) Bind to Penicillin binding sites (PBS)

2) they are vulnerable to The enzyme penicillinase and other b-lactamase

3 ) Penicillin occurs naturally and can also be synthesized

Cephalosporins : 1) they also bind to Penicillin binding sites too

2) just like penicillin, they are vulnerable to B-LACTAMASE, unlike penicillin, they are not vulnerable to penicillinase

Monobactams:

1) binds only to PBP3 but binds weakly to other BPPs

2) is resistant to B-LACTAMASE but is inactivated by ESBLs (Extended spectrum Beta lactamASE ).

Carbapenems :

1) They bind PBPs of most bacteria

2) they are resistant to most B- Lactamase

both male and female gametes are produced by meiosis of the germ cells. therefore, both male and female gametes are haploid. one male and one female gamete unite during the fertilization to form the diploid zygote. in seed bearing plants, pollen grain is the male gametophyte, which produces sperm cells.