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in which of these scenarios is informed consent of the study’s participants not necessary?
a. if the research uses anonymous questionnaires
b. if the research relates to political subjects
c. if the research uses multiple ethnic groups
d. if the research involves a criminal investigation

The correct option is A)  if the research uses anonymous questionnaires

Explanation:

For research studies, it is always important that the consent of the participants be taken if they are to be mentioned in the research. Without the consent of a person, a researcher cannot use anything related to that person in his research. However, in scenarios where you have to keep the data anonymous and just depict the results, consent is not necessary. However, one should recognize that apart from anonymous studies, not taking consent of the participants is unethical.

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the "dirty dozen" chemicals banned in an international treaty are formally known as persistent organic pollutants, or pops. the united nations environment program provided this background on what they are and what they can do to humans and wildlife.

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