Within an organism it is critical that signals between cells are very specific.

for example, if ligand a is meant to activate immune system cells to reproduce in response to an infection, it should not also cause other cells to grow as if they had received a growth hormone.

when a ligand is released, what prevents all of the cells in the body from being affected?

When a ligand is released what prevents other cells from being affected is ;

The ligand will have only one receptor which it binds to

It is vital that in an organism the signal found between the cells of the organism must be specific. Therefore in an organism the shape of a ligand and its receptor determines the specificity of the ligand.

For example the receptor of a ligand x found on a muscle cell ( like in cardiac muscle ) we not allow the binding of the ligands found on a different cells even if they are exposed to ligand x , due to the specificity of the ligand and it corresponding receptor.

Hence we can conclude that when a ligand is released what prevents other cells from being affected is that the ligand will have only one receptor which it binds to.

Learn more : link

Chemical signals are the secreted by signalling cells, usually volatile molecules known as ligands. Ligands bind to other molecule at specific sites. When ligands is released what prevent other cells from being affected is:

The ligand will have only one receptor which it binds to the specific molecule.

Organisms are the multicellular organisms, which communicates through the transmission of signals. The communication between cells occurs through the signalling molecules. These molecules are referred to as ligands.

For instance, the receptor of ligand A is present on the muscle cell will not allow the binding of different ligands found on different cells. If the cells are exposed to ligand A, the high specificity of the cells will allow binding of only corresponding receptor.

Therefore, when ligand is released it will bind to its corresponding receptor and would not affect the other cells.

To know more about ligands, refer to the following link:

link

Di he'd josh joey jef d of j efj ego if jd d of, if ,cow,coe cud jd lax owxmiw zias max oami jev or mid jd to do du vie do fo jf fo lac i jf ld ld ld ur yr yr t eh el do ht t ur jd ke du ft her kr krvurc

Mantle convection  is the slow  creepingmotion of earth's solid silicate  mantle  caused by  convection  currents carrying  heat from the interior  to the planet's surface.[1][2]  the earth's surface  lithosphere, which rides atop the  asthenosphere  (the two components of the  upper mantle), is divided into a number of  plates  that are continuously being created and consumed at their opposite  plate boundaries. accretion occurs as mantle is added to the growing edges of a plate, associated with  seafloor spreading. this hot added material cools down by  conduction  and  convection  of heat. at the consumption edges of the plate, the material has thermally contracted to become dense, and it sinks under its own weight in the process of  subduction  usually at an  ocean trench.[3]this subducted material sinks through the earth's interior. some subducted material appears to reach the lower mantle,[4]  while in other regions, this material is impeded from sinking further, possibly due to a phase transition from  spinel  to  silicate perovskiteand  magnesiowustite, an  endothermic reaction.[5]the subducted oceanic crust triggers  volcanism, although the basic mechanisms are varied. volcanism may occur due to processes that add buoyancy to partially melted mantle causing an upward flow due to a decrease in density of the partial melt.secondary forms of convection that may result in surface volcanism are postulated to occur as a consequence of intraplate extension[6]  and  mantle plumes.[7]it is because the mantle can convect that the  tectonic plates  are able to move around the earth's surface.[8]mantle convection seems to have been much more active during the  hadean  period, resulting in gravitational sorting of heavier molten  iron, and  nickel  elements and  sulphides  in the core, and lighter  silicate minerals  in the  mantle.