How are catastrophism and gradualism different

Catastrophism is associated with major changes that occurs once at a time in a species while gradualism is associated with tiny changes that occurs over a period of time that finally contributes a bigger evolutionary change.

Explanation:

The events that are sudden, short-lived, violent occurring worldwide thereby changing the shape of the Earth is Catastrophic. This process is opposite to contrast to  gradualism which is also called as uniformitarianism. This process is associated with slow and also incremental changes. Erosion is the best example for this process.

The formation of major mountain chains and great floods are some of the examples of Catastrophism. Both are associated with the changes that occurs in a species by the time taken for the changes determines whether it is Catastrophism or gradualism.

1: most common garden plants prefer loam — soils with a balance of different-sized mineral particles (approximately 40% sand, 40% silt, and 20% clay) with ample organic matter and pore space. however, some plants grow better in sandy soils, while others are well-adapted to clay soils.

2: available water capacity is the maximum amount of plant available water a soil can provide. it is an indicator of a soil's ability to retain water and make it sufficiently available for plant use. available water capacity is the water held in soil between its field capacity and permanent wilting point.

3: it is the same for all living things (plants and animals). it also includes very tiny organisms that our eyes cannot see. they are known as microorganisms, and include viruses, bacteria and fungi.