"bottom-up" (or "data-driven") mechanisms are group of answer choices

a. mechanisms for which activity is primarily triggered and shaped by the incoming stimulus information.
b. the scientific process in which all claims must be rooted in well-established biological evidence.
c. the process by which researchers seek to develop new theories by paying close attention to the available data.
d. mechanisms for which activity is influenced by thoughts provided by the individual.

A. mechanisms for which activity is primarily triggered and shaped by the incoming stimulus information.

Explanation:

Bottom-up mechanism is a process in which a body perceives an incoming stimulus and certain physiological changes occurs in the body working in the direction of upwards that is the signals are transferred to the brain so that the brain could interpret the stimulus. This mechanism suggests the fact that our perceptual experience is based upon the sensory stimuli.

answer: decrease

a limiting factor is the one which decrease the abundance, distribution and causes extinction of the population of species in a ecosystem. here, predators including hawks, owls and snakes are the limiting factor for the population of mexican free tailed bat.   although bats are nocturnal animals as they forge for food at night these predators also may remain active during night which can decrease the population of the mexican free-tailed bats. also, these bats eat only one type of insects that are moths. the food can also be a limiting factor as all 400 members are dependent upon same type of food needs that are moths. the decrease in the moth population can cause decrease in population size of the mexican free-tailed bats.

therefore, the scenarios will most likely to decrease the population size of the mexican free-tailed bats.  

multiplying and dividing the two decimals and the eqations by the same number of the overalls