What notion of distance is needed to incorporate biological utility?

Which is an advantage of having memory cells when a pathogen is encountered for a second time. a) the memory cells are what proliferate into clones of cells in response to the binding of an antigen. b) memory cells are vital to the primary immune response in that they immediately recognize pathogens even at the first encounter. c) memory cells are essentially effector cells that are short lived and attack antigens even without having a receptor specific to that antigen. d) it ensures that more lymphocytes with a receptor specific to a particular antigen will be present than in a host that had never encountered that pathogen.

What evidence supports the law of conservation of energy? a) mechanical energy is converted to chemical energy during photosynthesis. b) oxygen is made from the breakdown of carbon dioxide during photosynthesis. c)energy is absorbed by chlorophyll and becomes chemical energy during photosynthesis. d)the sun gives off light energy that is absorbed by plants.

Guinea pig coat color is determined by a single gene. the allele for black coat color is dominant to brown. in a cross between twoblack-haired guinea pigs, 20 offspring are born. if both parents were heterozygous, probability would predict that approximately howmany of the 20 offspring would have brown hair?