Mark's misuse of alcohol and other addictive drugs is influenced by genetic factors, by the ready availability of drugs in mark's neighborhood, and by mark's failure to accurately assess the risks associated with drug usage. an understanding of mark's difficulties within the framework of multiple levels of analysis is most clearly provided bya. a dual-processing theory. b. the activation-synthesis perspective. c. a biopsychosocial approach. d. the neuroadaptation model. e. the cognitive-behavioral perspective.

c. a biopsychosocial approach.

Explanation:

A psychosocial approach is a model of medicine and psychology that studies the cause and evolution of illness, addiction, and disorder considering biological, psychological, and social aspects. It is opposed to the biomedical model, which is centered on disease and restricted to biological factors.

From a biopsychosocial perspective, health and disease are understood as a result not only of the interaction of the biological factors of the individual's organism, but also of the environment in which they live and their social relationships. An example of this can be seen in the question above, where Mark's addiction is explained by the biological and social factors surrounding him.

answer: substrate concentration. enzymes work best when there is a high enough substrate concentration for the reaction they catalyse.