Chlorophyll and bacteriochlorophyll pigment molecules absorb light energy for photosynthesis. each specific version of these molecules absorbs a different range of wavelengths of light, allowing different species of phototrophs to coexist by partitioning their use of the light spectrum. what controls the absorption spectrum of each particular chlorophyll/bacteriochlorophyll?

a. the various substituents on the tetrapyrrole ring alter the absorption properties of the pigments.
b. the number of tetrapyrrole rings linked together alters the absorption spectrum.
c. the exact orientation of the pigment molecule in the membrane (on the membrane surface, inner membrane or transmembrane) alters the absorption spectrum.
d. the specific metal ion in the center of the tetrapyrrole ring alters the absorption spectrum.

Awoman whose sister tested positive for a specific mutation in the brca1 gene, which increases the risk for breast and ovarian cancer, is found not to have that mutation but does have a mutation of unknown significance near the known mutation site. how should this woman be counseled? select one: a. she should be informed that her risk for breast cancer is greater than the general population but not as great as her sister’s risk. b. she should be informed that because she does not have the mutation, her risk for breast cancer is not greater than that of the general population. c. she should be informed of her gene mutation status and be presented with all the available prophylaxis options and reconstruction options. d. she should be informed that she does not have the specific mutation but that because another mutation is present she should be vigilant about screening