Epigenetics refers to a special kind of hereditary mechanism. epigenetic changes do not change the dna nucleotide sequence, yet their effect on gene expression can last for several generations. in one surprising study, it was found that the grandsons of men who suffered a famine were less likely to die of cardiovascular disease. the experience of famine made some cardio-protective change in the sperm of those grandfathers that was passed on. what type of change was likely responsible?

a. histone acetylation or dna methylation
b. phosphatase levels
c. ubiquitin tagging

Chinese privet is a plant that is native to china. over 150 years ago, chinese privet was introduced to the united states as a fast-growing shrub that serves as an excellent privacy hedge. with no natural herbivore, chinese privet quickly established itself and spread in natural areas throughout the southeast and eastern seaboard of the united states. its dominance in these areas has jeopardized the survival of native plant species. chinese privet provides evidence that introducing non-native organisms can cause environmental damage integrated pest management strategies will not decrease chinese privet populations american gardeners can easily control the spread of chinese privet non-native plant species have type i survivorship curves