Microtubules contribute to each of the following except a) mitotic spindles. b) filopodial structure. c) the human red blood cell disklike shape. d) orientation of plant cellulose microfibrils. e) intracellular transport.

Explanation:

The microtubules are made up of tubulin proteins and are hollow tubes that gives shape to the cell and organelle place in the cell. The movement of organelles occurs due to the transport function provided by the microtubules.  

Microtubules contribute to spindle apparatus involved at the time of cell division. The RBCs size is maintained by stiffness of microtubules. The microfibrils walls are arranged  parellely with cortical microtubules. The microtubules also function in intracellular transport of organelles and vesicles (membrane-bound). Thus, option b is correct.

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d concave shape of wave rock

explanation:

the concave shape of wave rock is a very good evidence that supports the evolution of earth due to chemical weathering. if we talk about structure of   wave rock, studies have estimated that it is around 2.7 billion years old. it also serves as the foundation of evidence that it was the place where australian continent began to form.

how the structure of wave rock was created?

studies suggest that structure of wave rock was created when the surrounded area was started to weather due to which deposition of material started on the part of land which now contains wave rock.

the structure of wave rock is considered to be one of the best-known landforms in australia. at the height of around 15 cm, there can be found flared slopes which formulate the margins of hyden rock. it is now assumed by geologists that wave rock was created by subsurface water-induced weathering and not by glaciers, waves or wind.

due to deposition of material over the period of long time, the wave rock became tougher and tougher due to weathering from surrounding terrain. this makes it a physical evidence that supports   the evolution of earth due to chemical weathering.

hope it !