If chargaff's equivalence rule is valid, then hypothetically we could extrapolate this to the combined genomes of all species on earth (as if there were one huge earth genome). in other words, the total amount of a in every genome on earth should equal the total amount of t in every genome on earth. likewise, the total amount of g in every genome on earth should equal the total amount of c in every genome on earth.
calculate the average percentage for each base in your completed table. do chargaff's equivalence rules still hold true when you consider those six species together

Cladistics is a way of classifying organisms by examining the characteristics of their ancestors and descendants and depicting the relationships in a cladogram. which of the following best describes a challenge in classifying organisms this way? a. there are millions of species on earth, and a cladogram is not a practical means for classifying all of them. b. it is impossible to tell which organisms are most closely related to each other using a cladogram. c. cladograms are detail-oriented and do not provide a useful understanding of evolutionary relationships. d. there is a limited number of ways to organize the information, so most cladograms end up looking very similar.

Identify the area on the image where the force of attraction is the strongest.

How secretion and excretion both are different? explain in simple language.