Apure-breeding fruit fly with the recessive mutation cut wing, caused by the homozygous cc genotype, is crossed to a pure-breeding fly with normal wings, genotype cc . their f1 progeny all have normal wings. f1 flies are crossed, and the f2 progeny have a 3: 1 ratio of normal wing to cut wing. one male f2 fly with normal wings is selected at random and mated to an f2 female with normal wings. using all possible genotypes of the f2 flies selected for this cross determine the probability of each cross.1. what is the probability of the cross male cc x female cc? 2. what is the probability of the cross male cc x female cc? 3. what is the probability of the cross male cc x female cc? 4. what is the probability of the cross male cc x female cc?

1. 0% of probability, 2. 50% of probability, 3. 75% of probability.

Explanation:

In order to find the probabilities we have to draw Punnet squares.  The mutated gene will be symbolized with a *.

1. Male CC with female CC, there is no mutation, the probability will be 0%.

         X           Y

X   ║   XX   ║  XY

X   ║  XX    ║  XY  

2. The male has not got a mutation and the female has. When we draw the Punnet square, with one female X mutated, we find that there is a 50% of probability of mutation.

         X            Y

X* ║  X*X    ║  X*Y

X   ║  XX     ║ XY

3. Now both, the female and the male, has the mutation. When we draw the Punnet square with mutations in  the female and in the male, we find that there is a 75% of probability of  mutation.

       X*             Y

X* ║ X*X*    ║   X*Y

X  ║  XX*    ║  XY

a

explanation:

many plants naturally reproduce this way, but it can also be induced artificially. horticulturalists have developed asexual propagation techniques that use vegetative plant parts to replicate plants. success rates and difficulty of propagation vary greatly. monocotyledons typically lack a vascular cambium and therefore are harder to propagate.

transcription is a process in which information is rewritten. it is something our cells must do, in a more specialized and narrowly defined way. in biology, transcription is the process of copying out the dna sequence of a gene in the similar alphabet of rna. it needs to happen in the nucleus because that's where the dna is. dna is always inside the nucleus unless the cell is dividing.

transcription is the first step in gene expression, which involves copying a gene's dna sequence to make an rna molecule. transcription is performed by rna polymerases. it has three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination. rna molecules must be processed after transcription in eukaryotes.

explanation:

long version:

the protein synthesis consists two processes which are, transcription and translation. transcription takes place in the nucleus. it uses dna as a template to make an rna molecule. rna then leaves the nucleus and goes to a ribosome in the cytoplasm, where translation occurs. transcription is the first part of the central dogma of molecular biology: dna → rna. it is the transfer of genetic instructions in dna to messenger rna (mrna). during transcription, a strand of mrna is made that is complementary to a strand of dna.  

these three stages are:

  initiation: in which   is the beginning of transcription.occuring when the enzyme rna polymerase binds to a region of a gene called the promoter. this signals the dna to unwind so the enzyme can ‘‘read’’ the bases in one of the dna strands. the enzyme is now ready to make a strand of mrna with a complementary sequence of bases.

    elongation: in which is the addition of nucleotides to the mrna strand. rna polymerase reads the unwound dna strand and builds the mrna molecule, using complementary base pairs. there is a brief time during this process when the newly formed rna is bound to the unwound dna. during this process, an adenine (a) in the dna binds to an uracil (u) in the rna.

    termination: in which is the ending of transcription, and occurs when rna polymerase crosses a stop (termination) sequence in the gene. the mrna strand is complete, and it detaches from dna.