Frameshift mutations
a. are usually the result of damage caused by free radicals.
b. cause a change in the reading frame of mrna codons.
c. are usually caused by base analogs.
d. cause a single amino acid change in the polypeptide chain.
e. usually occur because of radiation exposure.

Some plants release toxic chemicals that kill or harm nearby plants. what type of example is this? 1 cooperation 2.mutualism 3.competition or 4.parasitism

1. which of the following levels of protein organization shows the complete 3-d arrangement of the polypeptide chain? a) primary b) secondary c) tertiary d) quaternary 2. the carboxyl groups on a protein molecule are composed of which of the following elements? a) nitrogen and hydrogen b) carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen c) carbon and hydrogen d) nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon 3. what part of the protein molecule makes it unique from other proteins? a) the carboxyl group b) the amino group c) the peptide group d) the r group 4. which of the following is an example of a protein that plays a direct role in immune function? a) collagen b) antibodies c) enzymes d) hormones 5. which of the following statements correctly describes the composition of proteins? a) most are composed of 20 common amino acids. b) most are composed of 10 common amino acids. c) most are composed of 20 common fatty acids. d) most are composed of 10 common fatty acids.

During the past 150 years in the united states, how did energy consumption compare to population growth?