The cytokines interleukin-1 (il-1) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnfα) are produced by sentinel cells in response to extracellular bacteria. they are important for initiating inflammation and the formation of pus. tissue-resident sentinel cells express pattern recognition receptors that are essential for initiating il-1 and tnfα signaling. what is the likely localization of these pattern recognition receptors within or on sentinel cells?

Cell membrane.

Explanation:

Cytokines may be defined as the small molecules that plays an important role in the cell signalling as well as in the immune system as well. They are made of the peptides.

Pattern recognition receptor are important molecules that plays an important role in the innate immunity. These receptors are present on the surface of the cells like macrophages and monocytes. These receptors are made of the proteins and cannot pass the lipid bilayer. Hence, these receptors are located on the surface of the cell membrane.

Thus, the answer is cell membrane.

not always but somethings can be reproduced in a laboratory.