The various kinases can be activated by breaks in dna.
a) one kinase, called atm, and/or a kinase called phosphorylates and p53.
b) the activated p53 replication during the to facilitate dna repair.
c) the activated brca1 protein, in conjunction with brca2, , and other nuclear proteins, is involved in repairing the dna.

The Various Kinases that is activated after the breaks in DNA is after the activation of ATM serine threonine kinase which helps in phosphorylation of other DNA replication check proteins, p53 protein (tumor suppressor protein) etc.

Explanation:

ATM activated by MRN complex at the site of DNA double stranded breaks by phosphorylation. MRN complex activity on ATM induces a conformational change in ATM kinase. So it can bind to its various substrate molecules that helps in DNA replication cycle arrest.

ATM phosphorylates CHK2 protein a product of CHEK2 gene, also known as effector kinases that phosphorylates and helps in deactivation of cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) that helps in the prevention of progression of mitotic phase.

ATM also phosphorylates the inhibitors of p53 proteins which leads to the overexpression of p21, an inhibitor of (CDKs).

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a "theory" a suggestion that is not 100 % accurate, or a figure. some people say its a theory because they of all the passed theory's about one subject. it depends sometimes theory might be accurate and sometimes they are.