Compare primary and secondary succession. what is the distinction between them?

primary succession is the sequence of species that become established early in a newly colonized area, and secondary succession is the sequence of species that move in later.

primary succession is the establishment of a community in an area with no soil, while secondary succession is the establishment of a new community in an existing ecosystem that was disturbed.

primary succession is the establishment of a new community in an existing ecosystem that was disturbed, while secondary succession is the establishment of a community in an area with no soil.

primary succession is the sequence of plants that colonize a new area, while secondary succession is the sequence of animals that move in later.

B. Primary succession is the establishment of a community in an area with no soil, while secondary succession is the establishment of a new community in an existing ecosystem that was disturbed.

Explanation:

In Biology, ecological succession refers to changes in the structure of the populations of species that inhabit a specific area.

Primary succession starts when species colonize new, previously inhabited areas with no soil. The species that appear first are known as pioneer species that do not require a great amount of nutrients or soil, for example lichens.

Secondary succession refers to a situation in which a previously inhabited area is re-colonized after a disturbance. It begins with grasses, then followed by shrubs, and finally with trees before fauna species can also appear.

sulfur dioxide

explanation: acid rain is caused by a chemical reaction that begins when compounds like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are released into the air. these substances can rise very high into the atmosphere, where they mix and react with water, oxygen, and other chemicals to form more acidic pollutants, known as acid rain.

estuaries are the partially enclosed coastal bodies of brackish water formed at the mouth of sea where river meets an ocean. it is a transition zone between river and sea water so estuaries are influenced to both marine environment such as tides, waves and to riverine such as flow of fresh water and sediments. the mixing of sea and fresh water provide high level of nutrients, making estuaries a high product habitats.

many estuaries suffers degradation from a variety of human activities like erosion from deforestation, overgrazing, overfishing, drainage and eutrophication.

so from the above statement answers will be

1. false as estuaries are formed due to both brackish and freshwater.

2.true, due to high productivity estuaries are breeding ground for many marine species.

3. direct and indirect activities of man that contribute to pollution and deposition of sediments.