Which of the following statements about competition is true?
a. with competition, the use of a mutually needed resource by one individual or group of individuals lowers the availability of the resource for another individual or group.
b. the species that "wins" competition benefits from the competitive interaction.
c. organisms frequently compete for superiority in the food web.
d. interspecific competition refers to competition within a species.

The kind of fertilization found in the majority of aquatic animals is (internal or external) fertilization.

Where does all the water go? according to the environmental protection agency (epa), in a typical wetland environment, 39% of the water is outflow; 46% is seepage; 7% evaporates; and 8% remains as water volume in the ecosystem (reference: united states environmental protection agency case studies report 832-r-93-005). chloride compounds as residuals from residential areas are a problem for wetlands. suppose that in a particular wetland environment the following concentrations (mg/l) of chloride compounds were found: outflow, 60.4; seepage, 73.7; remaining due to evaporation, 26.4; in the water volume, 46.8. (a) compute the weighted average of chlorine compound concentration (mg/l) for this ecological system. (round your answer to one decimal place.) mg/l (b) suppose the epa has established an average chlorine compound concentration target of no more than 58 mg/l. does this wetlands system meet the target standard for chlorine compound concentration? yes. the average chlorine compound concentration (mg/l) is too high. yes. the average chlorine compound concentration (mg/l) is lower than the target. no. the average chlorine compound concentration (mg/l) is lower than the target. no. the average chlorine compound concentration (mg/l) is too high.

In a hypothetical breed of dogs, coat color is controlled by two genes. there are six different coat colors in this breed: black, brown, cream, gray, silver, and tan. consider the following crosses. cross 1: black females from a lineage of all black dogs are crossed with brown males from a lineage of all brown dogs. f1 males and females are all black. when f1 are intercrossed, f2 males and females are black or brown. cross 2: black females from a lineage of all black dogs are crossed with tan males from a lineage where all males are tan and all females are cream. f1 males are black, f1 females are gray. when f1 are intercrossed, f2 males and females are black, brown, gray, or tan. cross 3: silver females from a lineage where all females are silver and all males are gray are crossed with brown males from a lineage of all brown dogs. f1 males and females are all gray. when f1 are intercrossed, f2 males are black, brown, gray, or tan, f2 females are cream, gray, silver, or tan. select the correct statements regarding the mode of inheritance of the coat color genes. a) both genes are x-linked. b) both genes are autosomal. c) one of the genes modifies the expression of the other gene. d) each gene has an additive effect on the intensity of coat color. e) each gene independently specifies three colors. f) one of the genes is autosomal, and the other is x-linked.