The benefit of measuring the initial rate of a reaction, v0, is that early in the course of the reaction, a) km is the substrate concentration at which v0 = vmax. b) the rate of product formation is linear and [s] has not been lowered significantly. c) v0 is least responsive to changes in [s]. km will be lower, so the enzyme will bind s better. d) v0 will be independent of enzyme concentration.

Rate of product formation is linear and [S] has not been lowered significantly.

Explanation:

The rate of enzyme-catalyzed reactions is affected by several factors, the contraction of substrates [S] is one of them. The substrate concentration keeps on changing as the reaction proceeds. This is why the reaction rate is measured at the initial stages of reactions when the substrate concentration [S] is much greater than the concentration of the enzyme. It is called the initial rate or initial velocity.

Under the conditions of higher substrate concentration and relatively much lower enzyme concentrations, only a few molecules of substrates are being converted into product. At a relatively higher substrate concentration, the rate of product formation increases linearly.

endo:

regulates body hormones, aldosterone, vasopressin

neural:

signal, regulates body using electric signals, reflex

endo has to do with hormones; aldosterone and vasopressin are both hormones. i also had this question and got it right : d

because they are eaten by the frog and the frog getseaten by the snake and the snake by the eagle