Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate during meiosis i, or the failure of sister chromatids to separate during meiosis ii or mitosis. as a result, both homologous chromosomes or both sister chromatids migrate to the same pole of the cell. this produces daughter cells with an imbalance of chromosomes. a cell biologist examines the final products of meiosis in an earthworm (2n=36) and finds 2 cells with 20 chromosomes, and 2 cells with 16 chromosomes. most likely this was because

How are the cell walls of a plant and fungus different ?

The construction of phylogenetic trees is a mapping out the proposed divisions and common ancestors of all living species. traditionally, these trees have been built using morphological data, such as appearance and embryology. recently, it has been possible to construct these trees using molecular data. phylogenetic trees based on different types of information agree with each: that there is strong evidence of a real underlying common descent. this phylogenic tree is composed based on molecular data (rrna). what statements can we infer are true about the organisms throughout the tree? because the tree is rooted, all branches share a common ancestor. all organisms have some sort of cellular structure/organization. all eukaryotes evolved from bacteria. since the organisms contain rna, they share the same dna. if the organisms contain rna, the share the same four nitrogen bases.

An easy way to calculate the amount of energy available at each level is to what?