How is a mutation in a bacterial cell that deletes three base pairs 10 base pairs upstream from the +1 site likely to affect transcription and why? a. initiation will be inhibited because rna polymerase core enzyme cannot bind to the promoter. b. initiation will be inhibited because sigma cannot bind to the promoter. c. a three-base-pair deletion is too small to have an effect. d. termination will not occur because hairpin secondary structure cannot form.

1. seamount a raised footwall block between normal fault creates this 2. syncline break between rocks where a hanging wall rises relative to a footwall 3. hot spring on rolling hills, this a dip between hills 4. volcanic neck created when a block with hanging walls slips down between normal faults 5. caldera underwater volcano that never reaches above sea level 6. horst natural hot water on earth's surface containing many minerals 7. graben underwater volcano whose top is eroded flat by waves 8. crater less than a mile in diameter; looks like a bowl at the top of a volcano 9. guyot magma that filled the central vent that remains after the volcano has eroded 10. reverse fault over 1 mile in diameter; looks like a bowl over a volcano