What is the name for a disturbance that removes most of the organisms and damage the soil?

the and for apex is primary disturbance?

Primary Disturbance

Explanation:

Just took the test hope it helps

answer: c

explanation:

kelp are large brown algae that live in cool, relatively shallow waters close to the shore. they grow in dense groupings much like a forest on land. these underwater towers of kelp provide food and shelter for thousands of fish, invertebrates, and marine mammal species.

e) all of the above