Aman who is an achondroplastic dwarf with normal vision marries a color-blind woman of normal height. the man's father was six feet tall, and both the woman's parents were of average height. achondroplastic dwarfism is autosomal dominant, and red-green color blindness is x-linked recessive. they have a daughter who is a dwarf with normal color vision. what is the probability that she is heterozygous for both genes?

1/4.

Explanation:

The autosomal dominant trait means that the trait is visible in homozygous dominant and in heterozygous condition. The X linked recessive trait will be pass down from mothers to their sons and daughters will show the trait in homozygous recessive condition only.

The man is achandroplastic dwarf ( Aa) with normal vision (XY ) is married with woman that has normal height (aa) with color blind (XhXh). They have a daughter who is dwarf ( Aa). The probability of being dwarf can be calculated by the cross Aa × aa. The offspring are Aa, Aa, aa, aa. Means 1/2 are the probability of being hetterozygous for achondroplastic . The vision probability is calculated by cross XY and XhXHh. The probability that female is heterozygous is 1/2.

So, the heterozygous probability for both trait is 1/2× 1/2 = 1/4.

cellular respiration oxidizes food into energy in the form of atps.

glycolysis (6 c hexose) > 2x atps are used > 6c hexose biphosphate > 2 x 3c triphosphate >

2 x 3c pyruvate (2x nadh produced from nad) and (4x atp produced)

pyruvate actively pumped mitochondrial matrix.