Cloning ensures that a particular dna sequence can be maintained indefinitely and its copy number increased at will. which of the following steps actually amplifies the cloned dna?
a. ligation of compatible dnasb. propagation of host cells
c. transformation into host cell
d. elongation of dna primers
e. selection with antibiotics

before, trains worked using the steam engine. thus, it uses heat so it is crucial to apply heat balance. the steam engine absorbs energy during the stage of boiling water. so, this is the endothermic reaction. when the steam is used to work the piston, it has to release this energy through running the train. the excess energy is released as an exhaust to the chimney. this is the exothermic process because it releases energy to the surroundings.