What is the hardy weinberg principle and why is it important

Also known as hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, model, theorem, or law, states that allele and genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant from generation to generation in the absence of other evolutionary influences. Because one or more of these influences are typically present in real populations, the hardy-Weinberg principle describes an ideal condition against which the effects of these influences can be analyzed.

It is important for systems where there are large numbers of alleles that can determine the result of genotype counts. And series of test will be applied: Pearson's chi-squared test, Fischer's exact test, and MCMC method.