What role does a transcription factor play in a signal transduction pathway?

1. by binding to a plasma membrane receptor it initiates a cascade.
2. it relays a signal from the cytoplasm to the plasma membrane.
3. it activates relay proteins.
4. by binding to dna it triggers the transcription of a specific gene.
5. it is a plasma membrane protein that binds signal molecules.

The answer is (1) It initiates a cascade.

Explanation:

Signal transduction pathways regulate many important cellular functions such as growth, differentiation, metabolism, and survival. Many of these signaling pathways are altered in human cancer.

Receptor tyrosine kinases are cell surface receptors that play a role in the signaling pathways governing cellular processes of metabolism, intercellular communications, differentiation, survival, and proliferation.

They bind to their corresponding growth factors, triggering the downstream signaling cascade.

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a. decomposes use carbon from dead organisms as fuel for cellular respiration, returning carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere.