8. what are the essential steps of building phylogenies? explain ingroup, outgroup, characters, character states, data matrix, and parsimony vs. statistical (model-based) methods. understand why we use unrooted trees when building phylogenies and know their limitations.

Most of the fossils found in virginia are in the coastal plain, valley, ridge, and appalachian plateau regions, best suggesting that these geographic provinces a) were once covered by seawater. b) are the oldest parts of virginia. c) have a great deal of karst topography. d) have large amounts of sedimentary rock.

Name the glands associated with human digestive system

Restriction enzymes are used in making recombinant dna. describe the role restriction enzymes perform when constructing recombinant dna.