Studies of monkeys raised with artificial mothers suggest that mother-infant emotional
bonds result primarily from mothers providing infants with
a) adequate nourishment.
b) contact comfort.
c) the opportunity to explore.
d) permissive parenting

The correct answer is B. Contact comfort

Explanation:

Studies with Rhesus monkeys were carried out by the psychologists Harry Harlow to study psychological and emotional aspects related to maternal separation and isolation. In this experiment, Harlow used baby monkeys and observed their behavior in different situations that included separating the baby and the mother, providing a fake mother, isolating baby monkeys for a long time and allowing baby monkeys to choose between their mother or food. The results of this experiment showed mother-infant emotional bonds were key for the development and socialization of monkeys, this could be explained as mother monkeys provided contact comfort which supported a positive development and prevailed over food or nourishment.

it has to be understood that the sea water contains a huge amount of sodium and chlorine ions and if they enter the cell of the atlantic cod fish, the cell will shrivel and the fish will die. to avoid such a condition, the fish uses active transport for the purpose of removing the ions against the gradient.

explanation:

the atlantic cod is not a maritime osmoconformer. its native application of salts is less than that of the seawater it lives in. it is continually falling water from the gills to the ocean via osmosis.

countering that, the fish is going to be swallowing seawater. but since its internal collection of salts is lower than seawater, the fish will want to go free of excess salt, and since that's going upon a gradient, then active transport, requiring energy, must be used to pump out the salt. much marine fish use the organs to filter out the salt and these fish discharge very straight urine.

what are the options