Which of the following statements is false?
a. the second law of thermodynamics predicts that although localized areas may temporarily increase in the degree of order, the overall randomness of the universe will not decrease.
b. energy flow in ecosystems is linear, or one-way.
c. photosynthesis converts the energy of the sun into stored chemical energy.
d. cellular respiration converts carbohydrates into usable energy and heat.
e. only about half the energy available in an organism is transferred to the consumer that eats it.

The false statement is E. Only about half the energy available in an organism is transferred to the consumer that eats it.

Explanation:

The energy transfer upon digestion of an organism is a very inefficient one, in reality about only 10% of the energy is transferred from one organism to the other.

(i had to correct the answer, the nutrients flow is circular, the energy is actually one way, from the sun to the plants, from the plant to hervivores and so on)

the solute can move "downhill," from regions of higher to lower concentration, relying on the specificity of the protein carrier to pass through the membrane. this process is called passive transport or facilitated diffusion, and does not require energy.