The preferred method of sterilization during drug production is heat. heat sterilization can occur in two forms: moist or dry. autoclaving is the most commonly used application of moist heat for sterilization. which of the following statements about autoclaving is true?

a. when autoclaving solid items, they should be wrapped in foil to maintain sterility

b. autoclaving requires extensive exposure times in order to achieve sterilization

c. autoclaving is preferred over dry heat because it can effectively be used to sterilize a wide variety of items, including liquids, powders, metal instruments and glassware

d. the effectiveness of an autoclave is dependent on an increase in pressure and corresponding increase in temperature.

Which process of living things produces water that enters the water cycle

The kidney filters potentially toxic substances in the blood, and thus “clears” the blood of those substances. this clearance function is dependent upon and proportional to the diffusion gradient of the substance across filtering capillaries, i. e. if the concentration of the substance is doubled, twice as much will be cleared from each ml of blood that is filtered. suppose that the body produces a constant amount of a substance x per unit of time. the kidneys eliminate substance x at a rate directly proportional to the concentration of the substance and the volume of blood cleared each minute (c): elimination = c × [x], where [x] is the steady-state concentration of substance x. imagine an individual with an initial concentration of x equal to [x]0 who develops kidney disease. her baseline clearance c0 drops to one half of the original (½c0). what is the new steady state concentration of x? (for simplicity, assume that substance x is 100% filtered by the kidney).

The combining form leuk/o means red true or false