Afemale fruit fly with vermilion eyes and normal wings is crossed to a male with normal red eyes and cut wings. the f1 progeny consist of females with red eyes and normal wings, and males with vermilion eyes and normal wings. when the f1 progeny are interbred, the f2 consists of two types of females—vermilion eyes, normal wings (1/2) and red eyes, normal wings (1/2), and two types of males—vermilion eyes, normal wings (1/2) and red eyes, cut wings (1/2). are the genes for eye color and wing type x-linked or autosomal?

Both genes are X-linked.

Explanation:

A female fruit fly with vermilion eyes and normal wings are crossed to a male with normal red eyes and cut wings.

Here you know trait to pay attention to, but you don't know which ones are dominant or recessives.

The F1 progeny consists of females with red eyes and normal wings, and males with vermilion eyes and normal wings.

So, the eye trait switch from female to male, but wing trait continue.

The F2 consists of two types of females:

vermilion eyes, normal wings.

Red eyes, normal wings.

And two types of males:

Vermilion eyes, normal wings.

Red eyes, cut wings.

If all mothers were red eyes and normal wings, and you have all kind of offspring on F2, this tells you it's a X-linked type of gene.

the transfer of energy between two molecules spaced just nanometers apart plays a key role in many technologies, including photovoltaics, quantum information systems, lighting, and sensors, as well as in biophysics to measure nanometer distances and in photosynthesis. but an open question in this area is what effect, if any, the surrounding photonic environment has on this nanoscale energy transfer. by designing and performing a carefully controlled experiment to answer this question, scientists have settled the debate and found clues to improving the efficiency of many of the technologies that rely on this process.

explanation:

correct answer is option a.

tropopause, stratopause and mesopause have all in common aspect that is point of maximum temperature in its layer of the atmosphere. all layers of atmosphere observe abrupt change in temperature. tropopause is the boundary between troposphere and stratosphere. stratopause is the boundary between stratosphere and mesosphere. mesopause is the boundary between mesosphere and thermosphere. these all boundaries are ranges between altitude of 0 to 80 km.