Distinguish between the bottom-up and top-down models of community organization.

Bottom -up models of community:

The bottom up models of the community represents the unidirectional influence of the community. The model shows from the lower to the higher tropic levels in the community. This model determines the nutrient minerals and the primary producer abundance.

Top - down models of community :

The top down model of the community represents the one tropic level to the other tropic levels. This model is also known as cascade model. This model determines how the one tropic level controls the other tropic level. For example: the control of herbivores by the predators.

cell regulation is conducted by special proteins.

1. a host loses nutrients to a parasite

2. a parasite only benefits when the host is alive (cause if the host dies the parasite dies with it )

3. producers to consumers

4. the tapeworm is a parasite

5. they convert energy from the sun (photosynthesis)

6. sunflower-robin (i think im 80% sure)

7. producer

8. consumer

9. prey

10. fresh water snails ( cause the green algea is the producer and the snails are the primary consumers and the small fish consumer so is the big fish)