Someone who takes opioids is risking which of the following outcomes?

chest pain

breathing trouble

cancer

respiratory infection

The correct answer is option , Breathing trouble

Explanation:

Opioids are narcotics that are prescribed by doctor during surgeries but addiction to its continued usage may result into weakening heart beats and slow breathing. The breathing issue arises when specific opioid receptor in the central nervous system (CNS) gets activated thereby affecting the respiratory rhythm. The respiratory rhythm in the CNS is controlled by pre-Bötzinger complex. Opiods also affects the functioning of lungs by slowing down its expansion and contraction mechanism .

I believe the correct answer is breathing trouble

Opioids are a group of molecules that produce an analgesic effect during pain and can be misused as drugs for a "good feeling." Just like any other drugs, they have to bind to receptors in order to produce an effect by entering into a cell and causing a chemical reaction. The specific receptors are called mu receptors in the brain.

The mu receptors are located in the brain and they line up to the hind part of the brain where there are sites called pons that function to control the autonomous nervous system that is responsible for involuntary activities like breathing and heartbeat. A good example of an opioid that is used for medicinal purposes is morphine that binds to its receptors to prevent the brain from recognizing pain. In the pons that control the autonomous nervous system, there is a complex called  pre-Bötzinger complex that has the μ receptors for the opioids extensively. When a person takes the opioids, they attach to their receptors in order to produce an effect by acting as antagonists (opposing) to the pain molecules in blood. In so doing, they also antagonize the nerve cells that are found in the pre-Bötzinger complex. The end result is a suppressed autonomous nervous system. The lungs will have a problem expanding and relaxing, the heart rhythm will be irregular and the person if not given assistive care, may lose consciousness due to lack of oxygen supply to the brain. Cancer is a condition that is caused by alterations to the genetic material in an organisms causing cells to replicate uncontrollably. Respiratory infections are conditions where microorganisms enter into the tract and impair their functioning for example Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria entering your throat causing the condition called sore throat.

Level: High School

Subject: Biology

Topic: The brain

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