In order to test the effectiveness of a new vaccine, 50 volunteers are selected and divided into two groups. one group is the control group and the other is the experimental group. both groups are given a pill to take that is identical in size, shape, color and texture.
based on the experiment scenario:
1. describe the control group.
2. describe the experimental group.
3. what variable is kept constant?
4. what variables are being changed?
answer in at least 4 complete sentences.

step 1: initiation

initiation is the beginning of transcription. it occurs when the enzyme rna polymerase binds to a region of a gene called the promoter. this signals the dna to unwind so the enzyme can ‘‘read’’ the bases in one of the dna strands. the enzyme is now ready to make a strand of mrna with a complementary sequence of bases.

step 2: elongation

elongation is the addition of nucleotides to the mrna strand. rna polymerase reads the unwound dna strand and builds the mrna molecule, using complementary base pairs. there is a brief time during this process when the newly formed rna is bound to the unwound dna. during this process, an adenine (a) in the dna binds to an uracil (u) in the rna.

step 3: termination

termination is the ending of transcription, and occurs when rna polymerase crosses a stop (termination) sequence in the gene. the mrna strand is complete, and it detaches from dna.

point counts

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a ratio derived from the equality between two different units that can be used to convert from one unit to the other. information obtained from experiments, sometimes called experimental results. the part of the experiment that is affected by the independent variable.