Freediving is an activity in which a person dives, sometimes to great depth, without the use of scuba gear. the diver must hod his or her breath for the duration of the dive. (the record depth with no equipment such as diving fins, is 101m; the offical record time is over 11 minutes). historically freediving has been used by pearl divers and sponge divers.
some freedivers hyperventilate (breathe rapidly and deeply) before diving. hyperventilation can change the concentration of co2 in the blood and may increase the length of time that a person feels like he/she can hold his/her breath.
how does hyperventilation affect blood ph?
a.) it increases co2 and decreases h+ in the blood, increasing ph
b.) it decreases co2 and increases h+ in the blood, increasing ph
c.) it increases co2 and h+ in the blood, decreasig ph
d.) it decreases co2 and h+ in the blood, increasing ph

d.) It decreases CO2 and H+ in the blood, increasing pH

Explanation:

Carbon dioxide is eliminated from the body as a gas in exhaled air, during hyperventilation the volume of air breathed in and our increased above the normal, causing more to exit the body affecting the equilibrium between bicarbonate ion and carbon dioxide:

This change in the equilibrium (to the left) results in a pH rising because of the loss of H+.

I hope you find this information useful! Good luck!

c. earths continental crust is thicker than its lithosphere.

because, the lithosphere is the outermost layer of the earth/ 100 km thick and is defined by its machanical properties.the lithosphere contains oceanic and continental crust that varies in age and thickness across locations and geologic time. the lithosphere is the coolest layer of the earth in terms of temperature. the term lithosphere should not be confused with the use of "geosphere" which is used to indicate all of earth systems, including the atmosphere, hydrosphere   and biosphere. the surface of the earth can be divided into the continental crust and the oceanic crust.   the continental crust is made mostly of granite while the oceanic crust is made of basalt. the average thickness of the continental crust is 25 miles and the average thickness of the oceanic crust is 5 miles.   three types of rock, igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic, make up the surface of the earth. that's why 3 option is preferable.