Afish die when taken out of water while a rat kept under water dies . what availibility allows the rat and fish to sirvive in their respecrive habitat

Molecules like glucose and amino acids are not lipid soluble, so cannot cross the cell membrane by simple diffusion. instead, they are shuttled across by carrier proteins in the membrane from high to low concentration. does this process require energy from the cell? this is an example of what type of molecular movement?