The following five questions are related to the following experiment.
in a laboratory, smokers are asked to "drive" using a computerized driving simulator equipped with a stick shift and a gas pedal. the object is to maximize the distance covered by driving as fast as possible on a winding road while avoiding rear-end collisions. some of the participants smoke a real cigarette (with nicotine) immediately before climbing into the driver’s seat. others smoke a fake cigarette (without nicotine). you are interested in comparing how many collisions the two groups have. your hypothesis is that nicotine will increase the likelihood of being involved in a collision.
1.) in this study, the independent variable is:
2.) in this study, the dependent variable is:
3.) in this study, the participants who smoke a cigarette without nicotine comprise the group.
4.) in this study, the participants who smoke a real cigarette (with nicotine) comprise the group.
5.) a confounding variable related to this experiment could be:

1) The independent variable is nicotine consumption.

2) The dependent variable is 'Involvement in a collision'. In this case the values the variable could take would be binary. For example 'were involved in a collision'  and  'weren't involved in a collision'.

3) In this study, the participants who smoke a cigarette without nicotine comprise the __control group.

4.) In this study, the participants who smoke a real cigarette (with nicotine) comprise the ___experimental group.

5.) A confounding variable related to this experiment could be:

Confounding variables are any other variable that also has an effect on your dependent variable. They are like extra independent variables that are having a hidden effect on your dependent variables.

In this case, there are many examples of confounding variables that could have an effect on the dependent variable:

For example:

Subject's eyesight

Subject's age

Subjects's driving experience,

and so on

after making a punnet square using bv bv bv bv you will find that the ratio will be 9: 7 or a 128.6% probability.

hope this