Dominance hierarchies
a. are found only in monogamous and solitary primates
b. likely give dominant males and females a reproductive advantage
c. are permanent and inflexible
d. do not result in dominant females having priority access to food

enzyme active site and substrate specificity

enzymes bind with chemical reactants called substrates. there may be one or more substrates for each type of enzyme, depending on the particular chemical reaction. in some reactions, a single-reactant substrate is broken down into multiple products

the answer to your question is tooth decay.

digestion

it excretes wastes