Which of the following methods of food preservation involve the use of heat to decrease the numbers of pathogens in the food?
a. irradiation
b. pasteurization
c. aseptic packaging
d. b and c
e. all of the above

D. B and C

Pasteurization

Aseptic packaging

Explanation:

Pasteurization and aseptic packaging are the two methods that can be used for the preservation of food and requires the process of heat for providing sterilization or protection against the microbes.

Pasteurization is a process in which the food item is treated with a mild heat of approximately less than 100° C so as to kill the microbes present in the food and increase the shelf life of the food.

In aseptic packaging the raw and unprocessed food is sterilized by heating at high temperatures for a particular amount of time and then further cooled and delivered inside a packaging unit.