Adrug is structurally similar to paba and inhibits folic acid synthesis. it is most likely a(n)
a. penicillin
b. nucleic acid analog
c. tetracycline
d. azole
e. sulfonamide

e. sulfonamide

Explanation:

Sulfonamides are man made antimicrobial agents which are structural analogs of PABA ( para-aminobenzoic acid ). PABA is an intermediate stage in folate synthesis process by bacteria. Since sulfonamide is structurally similar to PABA, it interferes with the activity of enzyme dihydropteroate synthetase whose function is to convert PABA to folate. Hence, bacterial growth is restricted due to folate deficiency.

Sulfonamide is also used against some protozoans like Plasmodia and Toxoplasma. It is used mostly to treat urinary tract infections. It can also be used in combination with other drugs. However rising resistance to it is an issue.

parasites can detrimentally affect their host, but also must not allow their host to die before they can complete their life cycle. some parasites have complex life cycles with many different hosts, and have had to find ways of persisting in many different environments during the change from one host to another. ectoparasites live outside the body of the host, and can more easily  disperse, but are  more exposed to predators, parasites, parasitoids. endoparasites live inside the body of the host, and are therefore protected from the outside environment. but they can be  attacked by the host's immune system. they have therefore developed  mechanisms for dispersal such as  complex life cycles.

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