chemical bonds in water are bent because the shared electrons are more attached to than hydrogen.

Oxygen

Explanation:

Oxygen atoms in water attracts more electrons compared to the hydrogen atom because it has two pairs of unshared electrons, this makes water distribute charges asymmetrically resulting in a bent shape.

the solute can move "downhill," from regions of higher to lower concentration, relying on the specificity of the protein carrier to pass through the membrane. this process is called passive transport or facilitated diffusion, and does not require energy.

a covalent bond, specfically triple bond