Which of the following terms is used to describe the time required to kill all of the microbes within a sample at a given temperature?
d-value
thermal death point
thermal death time
decimal reduction time

Thermal death time.

Explanation:

Thermal death time may be defined as the time taken to kill the bacteria. The thermal death time is mainly used for food canning,  cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.

The thermal death time indicates the time required to kill all the microbes at a given temperature and within a given sample. This can be calculated by either graphical method by mathematical formula.

Thus, the correct answer is option (3).

the abdomen (less formally called the belly, stomach, tummy or midriff) constitutes the part of the body between the thorax (chest) and pelvis, in humans and in other vertebrates. the region occupied by the abdomen is termed the abdominal cavity. the stomach secretes acid and enzymes that digest food. ridges of muscle tissue called rugae line the stomach. the stomach muscles contract periodically, churning food to enhance digestion. the pyloric sphincter is a muscular valve that opens to allow food to pass from the stomach to the small intestine.

when the displaced particles are perpendicular to the direction the wave travels, is called a transverse wave, whereas in longitudinal wave the displace practices are parallel to the direction of the wave.

in the given image:

first image shows - longitudinal wave

second image shows - transverse wave

third image shows - longitudinal wave

fourth image shows - longitudinal wave