Which of the following is characteristic of a nongenotoxic carcinogen? a. generally shows little structural diversity b. would be expected to produce positive responses in in vitro assays for mutagenic potential c. has no influence on the promotional stage of carcinogenesis d. typically exerts other forms of toxicity and/or disrupts cellular homeostasis

The correct answer is option d.

Explanation:

The non-genotoxic carcinogens lead to cancer not by amending the genotype, that is, they do not cause mutations straightforwardly. In spite, they result in cancers due to secondary mechanisms that are not associated with direct damage of the gene. They influence either the growth factors or the hormones related to growth.

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