How many protons are pumped through each of the electron transport chain complexes?
complex i =
complex ii =
complex iii =
complex iv =

Complex I =   4 proton

Complex II =  0 proton

Complex III = 4 proton

Complex IV =2 proton

Explanation:

In the process of conversion of to to total three complexes are involved that are the integral proteins of the inner mitochondrial membrane and are involved in interacting with the electron thereby releasing proton.

Complex I =  Total four protons across the membranes

Complex II =  It do not have sufficient energy to pump out proton.

Complex III = Total four protons across the membranes

Complex IV = Total two protons across the membranes

preservation because he preserves part of the land and preserves means save

explanation:

ans.

dna fingerprinting is defined as a process that determines the dna characteristics of an individual. these dna characteristics are unique among individuals as their fingerprints, so it is known as dna fingerprinting.

steps of dna fingerprinting includes extraction of dna from sample, amplification of dna, restriction digestion of amplified dna, and then analysis of dna by gel electrophoresis, respectively.

thus, the next step performed by the scientist is 'to cut the amplified dna (obtained by polymerase chain reaction) by restriction enzymes that cleave the dna into fragments and their analysis.'