Transpiration is the evaporation process used by plants for cooling and to regulate the amount of water within its body. factors such as temperature and humidity potentially play a role in the plant’s ability to maintain balance between water intake and water loss. what are some advantages and disadvantages to the transpiration process within plants? how might climate impact the plant’s ability to maintain equilibrium?

Transpiration is the process of water movement in the plant in which water is released from the leaves to the environment in the form of vapours.

The transpiration is important to the plant as:

1. Cooling Effect: Transpiration help lower down the temperature of the plant by evaporating water.

2. The ascent of Sap: leads to the uptake of water in the plant.

3.  Removal of Excess Water: removes extra water from the plant.

4. Maintain turgidity: helps maintain turgidity which leads to maintains shape and structure.

5. Photosynthesis: supplies water for the photosynthesis.

The process also has disadvantages to the plants as:

1.  Wilting: the excess loss of water causes wilting of leaves during noon.

2. Reduced Yield: the wilting reduces the formation of fruits, flowers and seeds.

3. Wastage of Energy: Loss of water leads to the waste of energy which is used in the conduction of water and absorption.

The climate change has changed the ability of the plants to undergo transpiration and plants has adapted to maintain equilibrium by producing hair, thorns, thick cuticle, sunken stomata, cladodes and phylloclades.

c. earths continental crust is thicker than its lithosphere.

because, the lithosphere is the outermost layer of the earth/ 100 km thick and is defined by its machanical properties.the lithosphere contains oceanic and continental crust that varies in age and thickness across locations and geologic time. the lithosphere is the coolest layer of the earth in terms of temperature. the term lithosphere should not be confused with the use of "geosphere" which is used to indicate all of earth systems, including the atmosphere, hydrosphere   and biosphere. the surface of the earth can be divided into the continental crust and the oceanic crust.   the continental crust is made mostly of granite while the oceanic crust is made of basalt. the average thickness of the continental crust is 25 miles and the average thickness of the oceanic crust is 5 miles.   three types of rock, igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic, make up the surface of the earth. that's why 3 option is preferable.