Which of the following is not a reason energy decreases at each trophic level?
options:
only a certain amount of food is eaten by a consumer.
some food is used as an energy source.
some food can't be digested and exits as waste.
none of the above

none of the above

Explanation:

makes sense

the solute can move "downhill," from regions of higher to lower concentration, relying on the specificity of the protein carrier to pass through the membrane. this process is called passive transport or facilitated diffusion, and does not require energy.